Doing your dash: en rules and em rules …

Ever noticed how there are separate dashes of several lengths? Ever wondered how you use them correctly? Then, boy howdy, this is the blog post for you. (Yes, correct punctuation use excites me. I wrote a poem about semicolons once.)

En rules (also known as en dashes) are so called because they were traditionally the same length as an “n”. They can be typed in Word by pressing CTRL and the minus key on the number pad: –

(Note that “en” is pronounced like the letter, not like the French word for “in”.)

They can be used in a couple of ways. One is to connect spans of time or entities, with no spaces either side:

the January–February carnival

the US–Canadian border

The other way they can be used is to insert a break into a sentence, or to include a statement that could otherwise be broken out with commas or brackets/parentheses. If they are used for this they must have spaces either side.

My hair – which is really curly – refuses to do what it’s told.

Em rules (also known as, unsurprisingly, em dashes) are (also unsurprisingly) known as such because they are traditionally the same length as an “m”. They can be typed in Word by pressing CTRL, ALT and the minus key on the number pad: —

As with en rules, em rules can be used to insert a break or a parenthetical statement into a sentence. Unlike with en rules, though, they shouldn’t have spaces either side.

My hair—which is really curly—refuses to do what it’s told.

Em rules are also used to attribute quotations:

“Good books don’t give up all their secrets at once.”  Stephen King

Don’t use both “—” and “–” to break up your sentences in one document or you’ll look a little nutty. If you’re writing for a specific publisher, then you can have a look at other books they’ve published to see what they prefer. I personally use em rules in my writing, but at work the style is to use en rules.

Also, don’t overuse them. More than a set of en rules (or em rules) in a paragraph starts to make me feel like I’m being dashed in the eye!


Info dumps and wilful ignorance

I just finished a young adult (YA) novel that I wasn’t a huge fan of. I considered writing a review, but thought that rather than naming and shaming it might be more beneficial to instead outline the two main reasons I didn’t like the book. As a writer, I’ve found I learn just as much from bad books as good ones. Maybe I can share my learning without inflicting the object of the lesson on you directly!

This particular book was originally self-published. After it had good sales, it had a quick copy edit done (I presume, as some of the Goodreads reviews mentioned typos and I didn’t see any) and was then published in traditional form. You could tell it hadn’t felt a structural editor’s deft hand, though, because many of my objections were all things a good editor could have fixed.

Info dumps

The book featured a supernatural race and a main character who didn’t know she was part of that race: all fairly standard for YA urban fantasy (hell, my book has them!). The author clearly wanted to establish early on the signs the character was different—but it was done awkwardly, by way of the narrator explaining things to the reader in a giant info dump. You’re probably familiar with the concept of “show, don’t tell”. This was all tell.

Also, none of the supernatural indicators were that striking. The race easily passed for human. So it wasn’t “by the way, I have a tail and cloven hooves”, it was “by the way, I don’t like seafood and the colour pink” (yes, I made those up). It made the main character look fussy and difficult, although it was clear to me as a reader what was going on.

The end result of all this was that it took me out of the story and made me notice the (poor) craft. As a writer, taking your reader out of the story is the number one thing you want to avoid.

Wilful ignorance as a plot device

The author clearly wanted to dole out information about the race and its society over the course of the first half of the book. I get that. A slow reveal, when handled well, can be like a strip tease, making you stick around to see just a little bit more…

Unfortunately, in this case, it wasn’t at all sexy. Because it resulted in the main character not asking obvious questions, which made her look stupid, callous or both.

Likewise, the supporting characters, who were meant to be inducting her into her race, kept her deliberately ignorant when it made no sense for them to. And then they had the nerve to scold her when she did the wrong thing out of that ignorance! In one example, one guy told the leading lady it wasn’t his place to explain something—only to explain that same thing a chapter or two later with no indication of why he’d changed his mind. I wanted to slap him upside the head. With a semitrailer.

It’s challenging to have a “discovery” storyline when the teachers know everything and the reader and main character don’t. Managing the reveal is tricky. I get it. But if the reader starts to get frustrated and feels like they are being deliberately kept in the dark, you’ve pulled them out of the story again.

Another example of wilful ignorance was when, at the end of the book, the main character abruptly decided to do something that seemed out of character (based on her previous actions), justified by some extremely flimsy logic. Presumably this was to set up the start of the sequel, but it bugged me enough that I doubt I’ll ever know…

</end soapbox>


I wrote a stunt letter…

I said a fortnight ago that I wasn’t willing to share my query letter because I wasn’t confident that it was actually going to provide a good template, given its lack of success to date.

I forgot that the divine Agent Sydney had offered to do query crits last year, and that I’d sent mine in on a whim. So, um, you can read my query letter as it stood back then, and her feedback on it, here. She said nice things, which was sweet of her.

Except my Jedi mind trick in the last paragraph—this is not the lack of publishing credits you’re looking for—didn’t work. I guess I’d better deal with that. :p

I’ve actually changed the query quite a bit since I sent it to Agent Sydney, tightening it up even further (I hope!). Queries evolve. Like amoebas.

(Also, the word count on the manuscript is now down to about 76k. I’m an editing machine.)

At the risk of this sounding like an Oscar speech, especially since I haven’t won anything, I need to give big ups to Lori, Stacey L, Stacey N, Lauren and Katie for helping me with the query at different times. 😀


Past and Present Verbs in Fiction

I was debating a day or two ago whether to write the next book in first or third person, and the subject of present or past tense came up in chatting to folks on Twitter. I was going to blog about it, but the gorgeous Nicole has more-or-less summarised my thoughts, so I’m going to be lazy and reblog her post. 😉

(Also, she just got an agent for her historical novel on Guinevere, so you should check out her blog anyway!)

I’ve always written in past tense. The only way I’d consider present tense was if I was writing a heavy action story where the pace was going to be through the roof. And I’m not sure I could do it even then! Old habits die hard.

I find that I adjust to present tense in others’ books (like “The Hunger Games”, or “Blackbirds” by Chuck Wendig) but it always takes me a chapter or two to get into the mode. Past tense just feels so much more natural to me. People have been telling stories for thousands of years, and they are usually told in past tense. I think maybe I’m just hardwired that way.

You?

Nicole Evelina's avatarNicole Evelina - USA Today Bestselling Author

I’ve been noticing more and more books being written in present tense lately. This post is really just my thoughts and questions on the subject. I’d love it to spur dialogue among my readers because I want to know what you think.

I first read a book written in present tense about two years ago. It was historical fiction and jumped back and forth between the past and the present. If that wasn’t confusing enough, the sections in present time were written in past tense and the historical parts were written in present tense. (Because that’s logical, right?) While that was very confusing, I have enjoyed several books written in present tense, such as the Hunger Games series, Divergent by Veronica Roth, and Alyson Noel’s Immortals series.

But I try as I may, I can’t get myself to like present tense writing. I’ve read that it’s supposed to convey a greater…

View original post 201 more words


A three-haiku story…

Chuck Wendig issued a flash fiction challenge today: use three simple haikus (the 5/7/5 structure we all did at school) to tell a single story. He’s giving away some writing e-books; if you want to enter, go here.

Here’s my dodgy little contribution, which is also posted on his page, but I thought I’d share it here. I wrote it about Canberra’s 2003 firestorm. That was a hell of a day…

Sirens wail alarms.
The firestorm approaches;
the sky turns to ash.

Trails of cars snake free
of flaming suburbia.
Will their homes survive?

Some lose everything.
Others are more fortunate.
The city rebuilds.


Music habits while writing..

I got to thinking about my music-listening habits while I am drafting. With Isla’s Inheritance and the sequel, I either listened to nothing at all (when you have a small-child noisemaker, silence is very restful!) or to Tim Minchin live—one of the concerts with an orchestra.

It wasn’t that Tim Minchin’s comedy music style was particularly appropriate for the books, just that it was the thing I chose when I first started drafting, and I came to associate it with writing those books. I play it quietly—just enough to block the background noise of traffic or people moving around the house. My writing sessions tend to be short by necessity so usually I’d get through the full album by the end.

But I thought maybe when I write something different I ought to branch out, that maybe a new musical style could help me capture the voice for a new book.

Which got me to wondering how other writers approach music when writing. I love stickybeaking into other writers’ processes. It makes me feel more normal. 😉

So I asked some of my tweeps about their writing habits when it comes to music, and here is what some of them said. (Two or three others said they write with silence, or with the TV as background noise, but I haven’t included them here because, well, MUSIC!) I hope you find them as interesting as I did.

If you’re inclined to share, please leave a comment about your approach.

Susan:

So it would seem that, these days, more and more writers are releasing music scores with their books. The music being what they listened to during the writing of said books. To me, as a wannabe writer, this said that if I wanted to write amazing literary masterpieces, then I needed to listen to amazing music as I wrote as well.

I hit upon one snag. I love to sing along to all the songs! Now this wouldn’t be a problem, but I end up spending most of my writing time bopping along to the tunes, singing at the top of my lungs (even when I wear headphones) into an imaginary microphone, and generally annoying everyone who happens to be in the house at the time.

Oh yes, and that other problem, I get no writing done because I am majorly distracted by my singing/miming prowess. However, I have found the solution to this problem. Music with no lyrics. Classical, piano or gothic (look it up on Youtube, some is rubbish, but a lot is inspiring) tend to get my writing juices cranking. I even find that, if the piece I am listening to is particularly moving, so are the words I write while listening to it. (Well, that’s just my opinion anyway, and like most writers, I guess I’m fairly biased.)

Julie:

For me, accompaniment is usually ambient: classical, orchestral, strings, or, my personal favourite, movie soundtracks. Typically I find that if I know the words to a song there is temptation to sing them aloud, and that even if I resist that temptation my mind still goes to words it knows rather than create new ones. With classical this is never an issue!

But sometimes, when the occasion is right, I also select music by scene: hard rock for training or a fight; bass-heavy for a party; indie or swing for the playful; artists and songs that suit a certain character to help flesh them out.

Regardless of what I’m listening to, I often use music engines such as 8tracks that allow you to search for playlists by tag: “epic”, “alternative”, “girly”, “50s”, “badass”, or heck, even “writing”!

Pippa:

For me, listening to music while I write is like having the soundtrack to the film that’s running through my head. It started off that I’d have whatever music I loved at the time playing while I wrote. For my first book and its sequel, it was The Rasmus–an alternative rock band that I’d fallen in love with. With later works, they’ve either been influenced by the latest album I’m listening too, or I’ve started writing them and added an album as the story’s unofficial soundtrack. My steampunk superhero romance has Linkin Park’s Living Things, my gritty space opera The Dirty Youth. My YA scifi novel had My Chemical Romance and Elliott Minor.

At the moment I’m looking at buying some soundtracks from my favourite sci-fi series and films so that I have music without the distraction of lyrics – there’s nothing worse than typing out a really great line only to realise you’ve lifted it straight from the song you were just listening too. Inspiration is great – copying is not!

Carissa:

Mostly, when I’m writing, I listen to instrumental music, so the words don’t interfere. But it has to be just the right kind. Classical, in my mind is too loud and harsh, and movie soundtracks are ok, but primarily for the sweeping, dramatic scenes. Usually I want something that is a more earthy and airy and a little less battlegroundesque.

These are some of my favorite artists and albums for that purpose, listed from most relaxing to most energising:

  • Mum – Finally We Are No One
  • Robyn Miller – Myst Soundtrack (yes I used to play this, yes I listen to the soundtrack)
  • Sigur Ros – Anything and everything Sigur Ros
  • Little People – Mickey Mouse Operation
  • Sunlounger –
  • The Future Sounds of London – Lifeforms  and Accelerator
  • Nightmares on Wax – Carboot Soul, Mind Elevation
  • Bonobo – Black Sands
  • Explosions in the Sky – All of a Sudden I Miss Everything

… also a smattering of things from Buckethead, RJD2, Mark Farina, Telepopmusik, Bibio, Caribou, Thievery Corporation, Four Tet, The Orb and Sia often show up on my playlists. Sometimes I sneak in a bit of things with words, and if I do they are invariably Lykke Li, Junip or Iron and Wine.

Lauren:

When I write, I find I do it best accompanied to the sweet sounds of silence. I’m so obsessed with words that even listening to background music can pull my focus to the lyrics in the song and what it all means. Before I know it, I’ll be so out of my manuscript I struggle to get back in. Silence just works so much better for me. More often than not, the only thing I like to hear while drafting is the casual clink of my wine glass against my teeth (ouch).

However, there is the odd exception to this rule: and that exception goes by the name of Swift. Taylor Swift.

Yes, I know it’s embarrassing, and it’s not like I know ALL* the words or anything, but I feel like she’s the quintessential emotional wreck that a lot of the time my characters seem to be. Whether I’m after a heartache, a strong stance, a romance or a fiery heat of the moment exchange, Taylor is passionate about it and that can definitely put me in the mood to write if I’m stuck in a moment. I just have to make sure my characters avoid saying never, ever, ever, ever…

*All meaning all. I’d say I’m familiar with a comfortable 99%


How do I find a literary agent? (Reblog)

I’ve made comments in passing about how there are heaps of resources on the net, telling you the nitty gritty of how to query a literary agent. Here is one that is a great summary. It’s written by a literary agent’s intern, so she knows what she’s talking about. Read it. Send cookies. 🙂


The most terrifying thing a writer will see…

Big call, I know. But I reckon most writers will agree with me. This is the most terrifying thing you will ever confront:

Warning: this picture may shock you!

Warning: this picture may shock you!

Stupid blinking cursor. Stupid blank page.

Come on, words. Let’s rumble.


Yet another blog hop: Liebster Award (oppan lazy style)

The lobster, uh, liebster award.

The Lobster, uh, Liebster Award.

Amber tagged me in her blog hop and said nice things about me (and I’m a sucker for that!). But I’m sort of blog-hopped out right now, so my participation in this will be half-assed. (At least I’m honest, right?)

The hop is called the Liebster Award. I’m not sure why.

Here are my 11 questions.

1. Describe your current MS in three sentences?

In December I finished the sequel to Isla’s Inheritance. As my next MS is still a glint in my proverbial eye (or maybe my actual one), that would be my current MS, I suppose. So here are three sentences on it. I’ve kept them deliberately vague because—spoilers!

Isla begins to come to terms with her unusual powers, but then one of her mother’s people arrives. He reveals a terrible secret. And there is a developing love triangle (who doesn’t love one of those)?

2. What is the most important thing you try to achieve within your own writing?

An easily accessible story. I’m a fan of straightforward prose and characters with a sense of humour. The characters do struggle with bigger issues (free will is a theme in both manuscripts) but they do it as regular teenagers. Some of whom have superpowers.

3. What has been your biggest writing high?

Finishing my first manuscript. It doesn’t get much better than that feeling of OMG-I-ACTUALLY-DID-IT!

4. What are your three favourite books?

I honestly have no idea. I love so many. So I will name three favourites from when I was a teenager. They got me into fantasy and speculative fiction more broadly:

“The Hobbit” – JRR Tolkien
“Dragonsdawn” – Anne McCaffrey
“Magic’s Pawn” – Mercedes Lackey

5. What is the primary focus of your blog?

Writing and editing. Mine and others.

6. Name three interesting Bloggers/Tweeters that you would like to know better?

Err. This is a hard one because I love my Tweeps and don’t want to single anyone out. So instead here are three blogs that I find really useful:

TERRIBLEMINDS: Chuck Wendig, Freelance Penmonkey

Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing

Bad Redhead Media

7. What is the single best piece of writing advice you ever heard/read?

Don’t fuss too much over the first draft. Get it down. You can fix it later.

8. How would you sum up your writing experience?

Protracted. I’m averaging one book a year.

9. What’s your plan for publication? Query Agents, Submit Direct to publishers or Self pub and why?

I’m currently querying agents. I’d prefer to go that route, because I’d like to think I’m wise enough to know when other people are smarter/more experienced than me. (As Chuck Wendig wrote today, The agent is there to say, “This clause, the one about eating babies, we’re going to say no to that one.”)

If that fails, then the other two options are plans B and C respectively.

10. What’s been your biggest challenge as a writer?

Finding the time. Single working mum, yadda yadda yadda. My goal is to write 1000 words a week; I usually manage a bit more. For a 70k word manuscript … well, you do the maths!

11. What keeps you going?

Coffee and OCD. Also, my son.

Now, I’m meant to tag 11 bloggers to participate. If you read this and want to participate, feel free. Leave me a comment and I’ll link you in my post.

Apologies for the lazy.


Editing: more things to watch out for

In this post I had a bit of a rant about words to watch out for when you’re drafting or (more likely) editing. I want to add a couple more to the list. Well, one word and one sentence construction.

The word is the humble “of”. The book I’m reading now is well edited, except for slightly awkward sentences like this:

The rage beat inside of my heart.

Every time I see a sentence like this it pulls me out of the story, because I want to cross the “of” out. It isn’t doing anything there except adding to the word count, which is only ok in the first draft of a NaNoWriMo manuscript—but once you’re past the drafting stage, show no mercy.

NO MERCY!

The other construction is more egregious because of the potential to cause the reader to giggle. I heard this one on the news the other day:

Large and out of control, hundreds of fire fighters are working to control the blaze.

I’m sorry, what?!

This type of construction is called a “dangling modifier” (I usually call it a “dangling whatsit”, because that’s how I roll.) I’m sure you can see the problem: by having the modifying clause where it is, the sentence reads as though the fire fighters are the ones out of control, rampaging through the wilderness like Godzilla with a fire hose.

I want it to be true, but I’m pretty sure that’s not what they meant.

Whenever a clause doesn’t contain the subject (like “large and out of control”), make very sure the part that follows immediately after specifies what the subject is. Likewise, if you use an “it” or a “they” (or any other pronoun), make very sure it’s 100% clear what you are referring to. (Or “to what you are referring”, if you want to be all stuffy about it. This is a plain English blog, though, so I don’t tend to bother with that.)

Wikipedia has a good post on dangling modifiers here if you want to learn more.

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Caution: lack of punctuation in use!